CIVILIZATIONS IN CRISIS: OTTOMAN EMPIRE, ISLAMIC HEARTLANDS, AND QING CHINAChina under the Qing dynasty in the 17th century enjoyed growth and prosperity and had the power to limit European intervention. The Ottomans, on the contrary, were then in full retreat. Russia and Austria seized territories, north African provinces broke away, and local leaders throughout the empire became more independent. Economic and social disruption accompanied the political malaise. Although the Ottoman rulers did not have a solution to their problems, they regained some strength during the 19th century by following Western-style reforms. The Chinese entered a prolonged crisis period. At the end of the 19th century, the foundations of Chinese civilization had been demolished by internal and external pressures.
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Taiping Rebellion & Boxer Rebellion
Reason the Conflict Began
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The rebellion began under the leadership of Hong Xiuquan who announced that he had received visions in which he learned that he was the younger brother of Jesus, he believed that he was and chosen by God to establish a heavenly kingdom upon earth and replace the corrupt Manchu Qing dynasty.
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The Boxer Rebellion, Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement was a violent anti-foreigner movement which took place in China between 1899 and 1901. It was initiated by the Righteous Harmony Society and was motivated by proto-nationalist sentiments and opposition to foreign imperialism and Christian missions. The Great Powers intervened and defeated the Boxer Rebellion, in a humiliation for China.
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Reason War Ended
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The rebellion failed in the end, due to bloody internal fights for power leading to a purge of the more capable leaders in 1856,poor organization and administration.
Winners
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Chinese Forces leaded by the Supreme Commander Ronglu defeated the Boxers and Imposed summary execution of those suspected of being Boxers.
Winners
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